PSYCHOLOGY
(8th Edition)
David Myers
PowerPoint Slides
Aneeq Ahmad
Henderson State University
Worth Publishers, 2006 1
Stress and Health
Chapter 14
2
Stress and Health
Stress and Illness
Stress and Stressors
Stress and the Heart
Stress and the Susceptibility to
Disease
Promoting Health
Coping with Stress
3
1
Stress and Health
Promoting Health
Managing Stress
Modifying IllnessRelated
Behaviors
Thinking Critically About:
Alternative Medicine New
Ways to Health, or Cold Snake
Oil
4
Stress
Psychological states cause physical illness. Stress
is any circumstance (real or perceived) that
threatens a person's wellbeing.
Lee Stone/ Corbis
When we feel severe stress, our ability to cope with it is
impaired. 5
Stress and Causes of Death
Prolonged stress combined with unhealthy
behaviors may increase our risk for one of
todays four leading diseases.
6
2
Behavioral Medicine
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) claim that half
of the deaths in the US are due to people's
behaviors (smoking, alcoholism, unprotected sex,
insufficient exercise, drugs, and poor nutrition).
Psychologists and physicians have thus
developed an interdisciplinary field of behavioral
medicine that integrates behavioral knowledge
with medical knowledge.
7
Health Psychology
Health psychology is a field of psychology that
contributes to behavioral medicine. The field
studies stressrelated aspects of disease and asks
the following questions:
1. How do emotions and personality factors
influence the risk of disease?
2. What attitudes and behaviors prevent illness
and promote health and wellbeing?
3. How do our perceptions determine stress?
4. How can we reduce or control stress?
8
Stress and Illness
Stress can be adaptive. In a fearful or stress
causing situation, we can run away and save our
lives. Stress can be maladaptive. If it is prolonged
(chronic stress), it increases our risk of illness and
health problems.
9
3
Stress and Stressors
Stress is a slippery concept. At times it is the
stimulus (missing an appointment) and at other
times it is a response (sweating while taking a
test).
10
Stress and Stressors
Stress is not merely a stimulus or a response. It is
a process by which we appraise and cope with
environmental threats and challenges.
Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works
When shortlived or taken as a challenge, stressors may
have positive effects. However, if stress is threatening or
11
prolonged, it can be harmful.
The Stress Response System
Canon proposed that
the stress response
(fast) was a fightor
flight response marked
by the outpouring of
epinephrine and
norepinephrine from the
inner adrenal glands,
increasing heart and
respiration rates,
mobilizing sugar and
fat, and dulling pain. 12
4
The Stress Response System
The hypothalamus and
the pituitary gland also
respond to stress (slow)
by triggering the outer
adrenal glands to
secrete glucocorticoids
(cortisol).
13
General Adaptation Syndrome
According to Selye, a stress response to any kind of
stimulation is similar. The stressed individual goes
through three phases.
EPA/ Yuri Kochetkov/ Landov
14
Stressful Life Events
Catastrophic Events: Catastrophic events like
earthquakes, combat stress, and floods lead
individuals to become depressed, sleepless, and
anxious.
15
5
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